Intro Black Diaspora Research Paper free essay sample

Galena Western society left an imprint in the African American culture within the Americas, it affected the religious practices, music, and language of enslaved Africans used from the moment they stepped foot In the Americas. These affects are even felt In present African America culture within the music that we listen to, the foods we eat, and the way our churches function. Even though the main goal of the white slavers was to completely subdue African culture, they were not successful.The transformation that the African culture went through allowed for Africans incorporating their indigenous cultures in the force fed western culture they inhabited. The main thing that was affected by western society was the African religious practices. With the Invasion of the Europeans and the Americans, Judo- Christianity and Catholicism were sure to follow. Africans were not allowed to hold onto their traditional spiritual practices forcing them to accept the ideas of the Judo- Christian and Catholic faiths. We will write a custom essay sample on Intro Black Diaspora Research Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Africans did not give up their own faith but blended their faiths into the religion being pushed onto them. From this new form of partiality that they created within their communities, African Americans had covertly continued to practice the key aspects of their Indigenous traditions; as shown through the practices of Voodoo in New Orleans and within the traditions of the Black Churches of today. They used spirituals, formally named Negro Spirituals, to communicate messages and to sustain them, through the harsh treatment.According to Jesus Couch Garlics article Demystifying Africans Absence in Venezuelan History and Culture, African cultures In the Americas, rather than unit but superficial folklore, are cultures of resistance based on African philosophical principles that we must rediscover. That persist and reshape themselves as time passes and as changes occur in our communities. (this may need to be fixed) Garcia describes the African culture as a culture of resistance meaning the Africans that entered did not give up their culture but disguised their culture underneath that of the western culture so that it would live on and survive.Religion is still a major aspect in the African American community. The black church has always played a major role In sustaining the African community as well as resisting the oppression of whites, from the Negro spirituals of slavery time to the organization of the African American community during the Civil Rights era. The black church has aspects of it that speak of its African past. Speaking in tongues, funeral rites and rituals, and catching the spirit, are all aspects of the African culture that was preserved in the Judo-Christian practices.This spiritualism Includes the practice of Condonable and Sanitaria that allowed for Afric ans to retain their ultra. Through religion was a major cultural aspect that was affected by western society, the development of African music and languages were also affected by western society. One of the most notable aspects of African culture that was affected by western society is music. Even in the churches, music played a major role in the sustaining of their communities and resisting oppression. In Joseph E.Harris article The Dynamic of the Global Diaspora he explains how music had the effect of unifying and organizing Africans saying, Neither the Middle Passage nor the slave raciest (Condonable and Sanitaria especially), songs, and oral traditions. Their culture and aspirations for freedom were expressed in different forms (songs, poetry, religion) and were sometimes employed to solidify mass followers in resistance movements.. . The impact that western society had on the music and oral traditions of Africans, was the complete opposite of what it set out to do.Instead of taking away these aspects of the culture, whites only succeed in inspiring a form of music that held messages of freedom and rebellion. Music and other forms of artistic expression such as poetry were very effective during slavery in rebellion against the oppression of slavery but also during the civil rights era and even today in the 21st century. Music is a universal form of communication; it was used to send messages to maroon societies, autonomous slaves that escaped captivity, and to bring the communities together.During the civil rights era music was used to unite, speak the feelings of the community, and to inspire the community, while they fought against the inequality that prevailed in the U. S. Modern African Americans influence in the USIA industry does still show the use of lyricism to express the unequal experiences within the African American community, as shown in rap when the speak about urban life, or in rhythm and blues when the speak of heartaches and love. The progression of African influenced music may not be created in the same context as they were originally developed but the ideas and effects are the same.Religion and music are only two aspects of the African culture that was affected by western society; language was also affected by western culture. Being so removed from the elites of slaver and the Africans that were enslaved, many African Americans of today do not realize that the use of Ebonies, or slang as it is called, is the evidence of western societies affects on African language. Ebonies to many people it is viewed as uneducated and a sign of illiteracy, but it is really a way of talking that is shortened and simple.This language is still prevalent in todays society among the African American community creating a common understood form of speaking within the community that unifies the African American community. The affects that western society has had on African culture are still widely seen in the African American community. It can be seen in our religious practices, the way that we speak and the music that is made. Even though they have an affected these aspects of the African American community I am not, I any way, shape or form giving them credit for those aspects of African American culture.I am stating that because of the conditions of western society Africans had to creatively merge their own culture with that of their oppressors. Through this pressure placed on them to forget their traditions and ultras, these Africans decided to bury important aspects of their culture in the beliefs and traditions of western society. They buried their warrior spirits in the music and their spiritualism in the Christianity and Catholicism, and their language in the English.So, yes they affected the African culture but it in turned created another culture, the African American culture that still keep African Americans linked to that African culture. The author gave a As it relates to music and the cultural impacts that western society has had on African musical traditions. How were the rotational rhythms and beats and how are those beats rhythms and vocal styles still, in this modern age being reflected in the musical genres dominated and largely Even with the development of hip hop music in todays modern society; hip-hop still has traces of its West African origins.As stated by the author of the article History of hip-hop, The roots of hip hop are found in African American and West African music. The grits of West Africa are a group of traveling singers and poets, whose musical style is reminiscent of hip-hop and who are part of an oral tradition dating back hundreds of years. The author of the article explains that hip-hop, like other African American dominated genres of music, they have roots in the grits oral traditions of West Africa.The ways in which the African American musical influence has impacted pop cultured and various other aspects of the American culture. Hip-hop, rap and other forms of African American music influenced music. Were not Just staples of American culture, it influenced and set the tone for many trends within pop culture as well as impacted varies social movements within America. As stated by the author of the article Black Music and social change in America, Elvis Presley, a strikingly handsome and emotive white singer, was the deliverer.In 1956 when he appeared on television singing many songs that were originally performed by blacks, he sparked like Little Richard, Fats Domino, and Sam Cooke became household names and inspired legions of followers, both black and white. The author of the article explains that music from African Americans during the time of the civil rights movement, their music had an impact in how people looked at them, and it started with one man trying to make a preference by singing a different song.It was when Elvis Presley started singing songs that were originally African Americans songs, when people of all colors began to listen and fall in love with, the black feel for music. As it pertains to religion speak on the topics of the various traditional African religious belief (briefly not too long) and the presence of these aspect s in the modern African American church and the ways in which African American spirituality has developed and evolved due to western influence. Most of the Africans that were forced or came to America came room these 6 religions in West Africa.Voodoo/Miami Watt, Voodoo, baobab, Kong, Sugar Asset society. Within the United States the presences of these various six religious practices are still impacting the various cultures in southern states within the country. Areas such as New Orleans, Louisiana have prominent histories of practicing voodoo that have a lot of negative stigmas that go along with it. Voodoo originally based off of its West African roots was meant to be a religion that worshiped the ancestors and animism. Voodoo beliefs spread from Africans shores to America on slave ships.

Usha Martin Company

Usha Martin Company Introduction Founded in 1961, the Usha Martin Company has expanded its portfolio, product line, and physical structure outside India. The company has remained one of the most successful steel wire rope product manufacturers.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Usha Martin Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The company’s current dilemma is how to maintain and improve the past business performance through strategic decision science within its current and future growth plans. During its six decades of operations, the company has exercised such business strategies as internationalization and vertical integration. Thus, this analytical treatise will attempt to explicitly review and evaluate the benefits and risks of Usha Martin’s vertical integration strategy and internationalization strategy. Besides, the paper will present a five-year strategic plan for Usha Martin to ensure growth and success in the lo ng term. Discussion Vertical integration strategy: Benefits and risks Vertical integration, as a management style, involves integration of the supply chain to accommodate the different products that a company deals in. The Usha Martin Company boasts of a strong vertical integration in its industrial organization. From a single location, the company controls its designing, cutting, manufacturing, distribution and marketing process for its steel wire pipe product in India. The production segments such as raw material acquisition, power plant operation and coal mining, actual production, and distribution are segmented and disfranchised within a systematic control system that monitors production progress.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Benefits Reflectively, the vertical integration strategy has shielded the company from market swings, which create fluctuations in th e supply chain in terms of input availability and price. As earlier predicted by Mr. B.K Jhawar, the chairman of the Usha Martin Company, the vertical integration strategy enabled the company to save more than one billion Indian rupees. Besides, the company has been in a position to have full control of the quality of inputs used in manufacturing the steel wire pipes. Since the company operates and fully owns its sub production branches, it has been able to benefit from the aspect of cost competitiveness in production and the final price of the products. The topological structure of the Usha Martin Company consists of communication and operations management systems, which help in determining efficient performance and optimal resource use. As confirmed by Mr. B.K Jhawar, the company stresses on quality products, customer satisfaction, and cost effective production within accepted standards at the forefront. The vertical integration process has allowed the Usha Martin Company to produ ce, design, sell, and distribute its products globally within a short time span. This is possible due to internalization of a direct and complete control of the distribution and production process for its steel wire pipe brands. Basically, the vertical integration process at the Usha Martin Company includes the aspects of cost, dependability, speed, quality, and flexibility. These variables determine success or failure in business. These variables are achievable through value delivery, value addition, and creativity within a single production chain.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Usha Martin Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Reflectively, these concepts are techniques and tools, that are essential in the art of integrating the production and distribution processes. Besides, this process is inclusive of the scientific aspects, such as a technical process of understanding the operations involved in operations management, their application, and evaluation criteria. Risks The major part of the success puzzle for the integrated management operates on the periphery of the soft skills that involve the timeless vision of organizational principles, defining value of the business, determining requirements, clarifying the vision, building teams, mitigating task, resolving issues, and providing direction as incorporated in the vertical integration process at the Usha Martin Company. However, the vertical integration strategy may prove to be challenging when one of the above soft skills is not balanced. Besides, the strategy is costly to implement and manage. Since the Usha Martin Company operates in the sensitive manufacturing industry, its vertical integration strategy within the production department may become obsolescent as production technologies change frequently. Thus, a possible change in the production process for the steel wire pipe product may force the Usha Martin Company to invest in the new technology to remain competitive even if it is very expensive. Keeping up with any changes in technology would translate into additional costs to match the integrated process with the new technology.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This might hurt the profitability and business sustainability in the long run. Besides, the company may become a victim of disregarding the potential loss within the streams of existing income and eventually forget the initial specialization focus. Internationalization strategy: Benefits and risks Internationalization is vital in business management and operations, especially when a company intends to localize production tools such as labor, distribution, and culture in the market of operation. At its inception, the Usha Martin Company concentrated on the local market of India. The company has experienced growth in the last sixty years and has substantially expanded its markets beyond the traditional domestic market of India. The Usha Martin Company has successfully implemented its internalization strategy by penetrating and establishing sub branches in more than four countries. The company has active sub branches in the UK, Netherlands, Brunton, Singapore, Canada, Australia, Vietna m, and Indonesia. Benefits The company has adopted the strategies of product proliferation and product development to not only achieve the goal of internationalization, but also to maintain its competitiveness in the international steel wire pipes market. Reflectively, product proliferation is a strategy that companies adopt to create opaque barriers for their competitors. Through this approach, the market share leader will automatically have the discretion to reap maximum benefits ahead of its closest competitors. For instance, the internalization strategy has ensured that the Usha Martin Company has a market share for steel wire pipes within international markets such as the UK, Netherlands, Brunton, Singapore, Canada, Australia, Vietnam, and Indonesia. Product development entails the innovation process aimed at modeling the existing product or improving on it to balance with the changing preferences of the customers. The company is associated with new innovations and attractive d esigns that appeal to their customers across the world. For instance, a steel wire pipe produced in the international branches is customized to meet the demands of foreign customers. This strategy guarantees increase in the market share for the companies in the UK, Netherlands, Brunton, Singapore, Canada, Australia, Vietnam, and Indonesia. Risks When operating leverage, fixed and variable costs of labor should be separated from each other as outsourcing. When implementing the internalization strategy, outsourcing tends to change balance of this ratio. In addition, in contracting an outside source as a factor of production, there is a need to improve quality of duty for which such a job is required. This is possible when contract is constituted within acceptable levels of service agreement duly signed. Thus, the company is exposed to market dynamics such as labor laws, cost of production, and product prices within the foreign branches. Five-year strategic plan Essentially, the succes s of product management depends on a proper alignment of a functional idea with the creation of flexible, involuntary, and quantifiable measurement of perception by the target audience. Reflectively, this idea should have essential elements that can easily sway the mind, either positively or negatively. Knowing how to improve quality is crucial for the growth of a business. In fact, consumers normally go for products that perform best. Besides, quality improvement will serve the organization’s needs to improve on performance, durability, maintain economic viability, maintain visual and aesthetic appeal, maintain superiority in service delivery, and maintain good reputation due to quality assurance. Thus, quality improvement deployment and organizational change action plans present an a strategy that would facilitate the business gain in the long term operations through value and quality improvement in the global manufacturing industry. This is summarized in the strategic plan table below. Strategic Plan Therefore, the company should consider cross franchising in the business policies aimed at expanding and improving its position, without having to incur much cost. Cross platform franchising will enable the company to gain a strategic competitive advantage in a number of ways. Further, it will give a company the possibility to reduce the risk of market flop that results from the failure to carry out adequate market research. Conclusion The main activities in the control matrix of strategic management is the input and output tracking for the case of the Usha Martin Company. The activities are influenced by environmental, internal, and external factors in the business management strategy. Reflectively, the process should include organization charts, status reports, process map, compliance requirements, review structure, activities, dates, and resources employed within a specified period of time through benchmarking. The benchmarking initiative will involv e streamlining control activities to ensure efficiency via a proactive quality mitigation channel that reports progress of the intended quality improvement system.

A Look at the Worth of Gold and Silver As Illustrated By Adam Smith in His Book, The Wealth of Nations

A Look at the Worth of Gold and Silver As Illustrated By Adam Smith in His Book, The Wealth of Nations In the first book of The Wealth of Nations, Adam Smith discusses the Variations in the Proportion between the respective Values of Gold and Silver. Throughout history, these two metals have been regarded as mints of significant value. Before mines were found in America, the difference in value between silver and gold was usually seen as proportionate, where one ounce of fine gold was considered equivalent to anywhere from ten to twelve ounces of fine silver. More recently, the values have changed as much as one ounce of fine gold to be equal to as much as fourteen or fifteen ounces of fine silver. Over the years, it is said that both silver and gold have dropped in value, but the drop of silver has come more rapidly, therefore leading to the reason why gold has become proportionately even more valuable than in the past. Smith does claim, however, that both the gold and silver mines of America exceeded in fertility all those which had ever been known before, the fertility of the silve r mines had, it seems, been proportionally still greater than that of the gold ones. As a result of silver being more plentiful in comparison to gold, though it is considered less valuable it is certainly more important in many cases. Adam Smith says that it would be absurd to infer that because an ounce of gold will commonly purchase from fourteen to fifteen ounces silver, that there are commonly in the market only fourteen or fifteen ounces of silver for one ounce of gold. The amount of silver that can be found in the market is in all probability worth more in proportion to gold. Adam Smith feels that the cheaper of the two metals is f both more value and greatness due to the quantity that is accessible. He explains, There are so many more purchasers for the cheap than for the dear commodity that not only a greater quantity of it, but a greater value, can commonly be disposed of. The whole quantity, therefore, of the cheap commodity must commonly be greater in proportion to the whole quantity of the dear one than the value of a certain quantity of the dear one is to the value of an equal quantity of the cheap one. Silver can be seen as more valuable in the sense that it is used more often and more common. Silver even outclasses gold in certain cases, for example in the French coin where silver preponderates. In another instance, it is said that silver plate is more of more worth than gold plates. Another way in which Adam Smith shows the greater importance of silver is through the Spanish Market. Though he does admit that gold will always be more expensive, he feels that it is also cheaper in certain senses. He states that product is claimed cheap or expensive, not only according to the absolute greatness or smallness of its usual price, but according to the absolute greatness or smallness of its usual price, but according as that price is more or less above the lowest for which it is possible to bring it to market for any considerable time together. In Spain during this time, gold is closer to its lowest price than silver is because the tax put upon gold is five percent, whereas the tax put on silver is ten percent. Thus, miners for silver in this country are much more successful. Silver understandably then still takes a big part in monetary system during this time and is more important than gold in many instances. Though the value may differ in favor of gold, other factors come into play which raise the importance of silver. In the European market silver has raised in value a bit because decline in the amount found. With silver becoming scarcer, it adds to the importance of the metal since it is not as available. Smith explains that as mass increases the value of gold and silver diminishes. Smith says that anytime a metal is more used it is less cared for. Silver is a very important part of European monetary system during these times. The outright overall value can sometimes be very deceiving in comparing two precious metals. A rare gem is evidently going to be worth a lot, but silver would be much more handy in comparison. Silver during these times experienced some difficulties as far as price diminishment of a few occasions during the time of Adam Smith. He explains this by saying: The increase of expense must either, first, be compensated altogether by a proportionable increase in the price of the metal; or, secondly, it must be compensated altogether by a proportionable diminution of the tax upon silver; or, thirdly, it must be compensated partly by the one, and partly by the other of those two expedients. This third event is very possible. As gold rose in its price in proportion to silver, notwithstanding a great diminution of the tax upon gold, so silver might rise in its price in proportion to labour and commodities, notwithstanding an equal diminution of the tax upon silver. Thus, a momentary drop in silvers value is not to define the eternal value of the metal by any means, and in fact, a raise in value is probable. Though gold is more expensive than silver, in many senses, silver carries more importance. It is said that, The word VALUE, it is to be observed, has two different meanings, and sometimes expresses the utility of some particular object, and sometimes the power of purchasing other goods which the possession of that object conveys. The value of silver is elevated thanks to the big role it plays in many cases. Adam Smith explains, Though such commodities, therefore, come to exchange for a greater quantity of silver than before, it will not from thence follow that silver has become really cheaper, or will purchase less labour than before, but that such commodities have become really dearer, or will purchase more labour than before. He continues by clarifying, It is not their nominal price only, but their real price which rises in the progress of improvement. The rise of their nominal price is the effect, not of any degradation of the value of silver, but of the rise in their real price. Silver has then equaled the worth of gold in many ways, and had become a fierce competitor of the other precious metal during this time. Thanks to these other factors that played a part in the increase in value of silver, silver has become closer is not equal to the price of gold. Though the difference in literal price has not changed, the use and surplus of silver has made it more important, therefore more useful than gold. Adam Smith felt that silver was a very useful precious metal indeed.

Summary 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 3

Summary 1 - Essay Example Theologians reflect upon this new truth, which is full of promise. Liberation sets free the children of God from the slavery. Slavery comes in different kinds of form, which include sin, economic, socio-political, and cultural. Liberation serves all those who respond to it, as it is not limited to those only with the evangelical spirit. It serves all those Christians who have clarity in faith and are prepared to be involved in struggles for humanity and freedom for the poor in the society. Liberation inspires people particularly those who have misery burdens carried in their hearts. It is a human need to express this aspiration. There is need to guide and clarify the yearning for the aspiration. Liberation theology was born from this strong aspiration. It expresses concern for the victimized and poor in the society. Theologies of liberation expresses different and diverse positions that seek to explain the contradictions involved in finding the meaning poverty and commitment to justice as defined by Christianity. Recently, Pope Francis has stressed the importance of fast tracking of a former Salvadoran Archbishop’s beatification. Oscar Romero’s beatification is a legitimate to sainthood for a man who is considered the unofficial saint of the controversial Catholic movement, liberation theology. The movement whose origin is in Latin America embraces the perspective and plight of the poor to interpret scripture and fight both economic and political injustices. The beatification statement made by Pope Francis is viewed as an attempt to reconciliation between the mainstream Catholic Church and the liberation theology movement. Other occurrences that inform about the possibility of the reconciliation include the reinstatement of suspended Nicaraguan priest Miguel D’Escoto, a policy reversal in Chiapas allowing the ordainment of indigenous deacons, and the appointment of Gerhard MÃ ¼ller, a former

Performance Management Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Performance Management Assignment - Essay Example number of studies hve suggested tht, provided the design nd implementtion of PM re pproprite, it hs the potentil to ffect employee ttitudes in wy tht mkes significnt nd positive contribution to compny performnce. Current pper pper provides criticl nlysis of orgniztionl system of performnce mngement bsing on the findings retrieved nd mterils vilble. I first provide theoreticl overview of the term of performnce mngement, then reserch its ppliction to subsidiry compny, finlly comment on chnges of performnce mngement tht re supposedly needed to be implemented into orgniztionl ctivity. The expression "performnce mngement" ppered in the lte 1980s nd cn be regrded s n extension of "performnce pprisl"-- prctice used to evlute n individul employee's pst performnce. Tody, however, performnce pprisl is considered s one of severl key elements of PM, the others being the communiction of compny strtegy through individul objective setting, links to trining nd development plnning, nd possibly compenstion (Brlow, 2001:501). Despite the fct tht much of the reserch hs been performed within the U.S. context, little reserch hs been crried out on PM in interntionl settings nd even less so in MCMC subsidiries operting in diverse cultures. This derth of reserch mens tht we know little bout the effects of PM on job stisfction mong employees in MCMC where the mjority of the work force re of host-country ntionlity, nd where the host-country's culture my differ substntilly from tht of the MCMC's home country. Moreover, our limited knowledge of the impct of PM on job stisfction is indictive of the pucity of reserch concerning the ttitudes of host-country employees nd especilly of nonmngeril employees in MCMC. It is well known tht employees with negtive ttitudes re likely to perform poorly, cuse disruptions in opertions, nd eventully jeoprdize the vibility of the orgniztion. Furthermore, it hs been documented tht job stisfction is relted to turnover. s Mendonc nd Knungo (2004) hve noted, job stisfction nd turnover re incresing chllenges for MCMC operting in developing countries, whose lbor mrket lcks mngeril nd technicl tlent. Vrious spects of PM hve been studied in both the interntionl nd comprtive contexts. For instnce, scholrs hve ddressed such issues s the impct of ntionl culture on mngement by objectives, differences in mngement style nd performnce pprisl in the United Sttes, Indonesi, Thilnd, nd Mlysi (Zhu, Dowling, 1994:2), nd ntionl culture nd its impct on PM/performnce pprisl in Hong Kong, Tiwn, Singpore, Gret Britin, Jpn, Kore, the United Sttes, Mlysi, the Philippines, Indi, nd Chin. The mjority of these studies, especilly the ones with comprtive ttitudinl dt, hve provided evidence tht culturl differences influence elements of PM nd tht the trnsferbility of PM between countries cnnot be ssumed. However, little interntionl nd comprtive reserch hs exmined ctul effects of PM per se on host-country employees. Consequently, while we know tht MCMCs commonly dopt stndrdized PM policies nd prctices t both their home country nd in overses subsidiries, we do not know wht effect such stndrdized PM hs on host-country employees. The effects of PM hve received greter ttention in domestic settings, but even there the reserch is limited. Most studies hve commonly concentrted on

Kondracke and Vidal Evaluation Essay Example for Free

Kondracke and Vidal Evaluation Essay In the article, â€Å"Don’t Legalize Drugs† by Morton M. Kondracke, writes on the pros and cons of the legalization of drugs in a convincing way to help the reader understand the ultimate downfall of our society if the legalization of drugs does come into effect. His convincing tone is brought together by his logical, outside resources, and predictions from credible doctors. His use of pathos also helps the reader have a deeper understanding of the serious problems of legalizing drugs. As Kondracke states in the beginning, â€Å" if the advocates of legalized drugs do have their way†¦there will also be more unpublicized fatal and maiming crashes, more job accidents, more child neglect, more of almost everything associated with substance abuse: babies born addicted or retarded..† hoping to touch the hearts of the many. Kondracke uses outside resources such as Dr. Robert DuPont who is the former director of the National Institutes of Drug Abuse and his predictions to help further his argument and give credibility. Not only does he share with the reader outside sources and studies, but he mentions many examples by comparing the predictions of legalizing drugs and the actual result of alcohol in America and what effects it would have on our society if alcohol has already done so much to change America. The only real flaw I see with this article is that it is old and much in our society has changed. In the article, â€Å"Drugs: Case for Legalizing Marijuana† by Gore Vidal, his case for the legalization of marijuana is not quite convincing enough to even call it a case. Nothing in his article seems to be believable because he uses no real statistics except for his own when he says, â€Å"†¦I have tried—once—almost every drug and liked none disproving the popular Fu Manchu theory that a single whiff of opium will enslave the mind.† which doesn’t help his case at all seeing that he could have made up that side story on the spot. Not only does he share no real believable evidence, but the article is also over forty years old and things have definitely changed. The seriousness of this article is not well developed enough which gives the reader more of a laugh than deep thinking reasoning.

Exploring Classical Theism and Physicalism :: Religion

Exploring Classical Theism and Physicalism ABSTRACT: Could a classical theist be a physicalist? Although a negative answer to this question may seem obvious, it turns out that a case can be made for the consistency of a variant of classical theism and global supervenience physicalism. Although intriguing, the case ultimately fails due to the weakness of global supervenience as an account of the dependence of mental on physical properties. Physicalism is popular these days, and to a lesser extent so is classical theism. It should therefore come as no surprise that a number of theists are bent on combining theism with physicalism. But could a classical theist be a physicalist? Is this a coherent doctrinal combination? The classical theist affirms the metaphysically necessary existence of a concrete, purely spiritual, being upon which every other concrete being is ontologically dependent. The physicalist, however, is committed to the proposition that everything, or at least everything concrete, is either physical or determined by the physical. To be a bit more precise, physicalism is usefully viewed as the conjunction of an 'inventory thesis' which specifies physicalistically admissible individuals and a 'determination thesis' which specifies physicalistically admissible properties.(1) What the inventory thesis says, at a first approximation, is that every concretum is either a physical item or composed of physical items . As for the determination thesis, what it says is that physical property-instantiations determine all other property-instantiations; equivalently, every nonphysical property-instantiation supervenes on physical property-instantiations. These rough characterizations suggest that theism and physicalism logically exclude one another. If God as classically conceived exists, then the inventory thesis is violated: not every concrete entity is either physical or composed of physical items. And if God exists, it would also appear that the determination thesis is flouted: God's instantiation of his omni-attributes does not supervene on His instantiation of any physical properties: He has none. So at first glance it seems almost crashingly obvious that the classical theist cannot be a physicalist. But this talk cannot end just yet. For when we get down to the details of formulating precise versions of both the inventory and determination theses, it turns out that there is a way to attempt the reconciliation of theism and physicalism. It is the viability of this way that I aim to explore. But first some background. Towards Nonreductive Physicalism I will take it for granted that a plausible version of physicalism cannot be either eliminativist or reductionist.

Inventory Management and Operations Efficiency Essay

Background of the Study In recent years, buffet restaurants are increasingly getting popular among other kinds. Buffets are effective for serving large numbers of people at once. Diners also see it as advantageous on their part because they get to have a great deal of choice and the ability to closely inspect food before selecting it. A more free form of buffet is called â€Å"eat all you can† wherein customers pay a fixed fee and then may help themselves to as much food as they wish to eat in a single meal. Therefore, customers have the privilege to eat to their heart’s content. However, on the part of the restaurant operators and managers, it is difficult to forecast how many people would come and how much one head could eat in a single meal. In case they run out of dishes, they must always be able to refill the buffet. After all, no one likes to get inside a restaurant that is not able to serve the customers well. It may affect customer retention, the level of customer satisfaction and may leave negative impressions on the restaurant’s efficiency. This means that the restaurant should have enough stocks to avoid running out of food to serve. This is now where the role of inventory management takes place. To ensure availability, an inventory system is adopted that provides the organizational structure and the operating policies for maintaining and controlling goods to be stocked. The system is responsible for ordering and receipt of goods; timing the order placement, keeping track of what has been ordered, and how much and from whom ordered. Regardless of the type of restaurant you operate, or whether the restaurant is in the start-up phase or has been operating for many years, adopting an inventory system is essential. Therefore managing inventory is very important in operating a restaurant. In the provinces, there are quite a number of eat-all-you-can restaurants that one can find. But in Butuan City, among the most popular is Roldan’s Eat All You Can. It is such a popular place that even locals from the nearby provinces prefer to eat lunch there when they happen to be in the city. Every day they offer variety of foods- from appetizers to desserts which make it irresistible for the customers. On the other hand, in their daily operations they face problems with inventory management such as running out-of-stock and other stock-related problems. The problem on inventory motivated the researchers to study about the inventory management and operations efficiency of Roldan’s Eat All You Can, Montilla Boulevard, Butuan City. Review of Literature The review of related literature is an essential part of the research. This section consists the ideas and studies and of various authors that will be of great help in the conceptualization of the research. According to Jacobs (2008), an inventory system provides the organizational structure and the operating policies for maintaining and controlling goods to be stocked. The system is responsible for ordering and receipt of goods: timing the order placement and keeping track of what has been ordered, how much and from whom. Restaurants guests are looking for value when they purchase menu items. In the same way, the restaurant manager is looking for value in the product purchase decisions he/she makes. Price is important but so are other components in the purchasing goal. During the growth of a new venture the management of inventory is an important task. Too much inventory can be a drain on cash flow since manufacturing, transportation, and storage costs must be borne by the venture. On the other hand, too little inventory to meet customer demands can also cost the venture in lost sales, or it can create unhappy customers who may choose another firm if their needs are not met in a timely manner. According to Ninemeier (2006), the typical restaurant requires several hundreds of food ingredients and, if alcoholic beverages are offered, many additional products must be purchased. Numerous decisions must be made to assure that the right products are purchased and are available when needed. According to David Kurtz (2005), inventory control captures a large share of a logistics manager’s attention because companies need to maintain enough inventories to meet customer demand without incurring unneeded costs for carrying excess inventory. Some firms attempt to keep inventory levels under control by implementing just in-time (JIT) production. The goal of purchasing is to receive the right quality of product at the right time in the right quantity from the right supplier at the right price. This goal is very easy to state but much difficult to attain. Products needed for Saturday’s banquet must be available on a timely basis and for example, if they are received on the Monday before the event, they will not be fresh or, if they are received on the Monday after the event, they are of no use. The standard recipe indicates products which are needed to help assure that the menu items which are served are of consistent quality and consistent cost. The concept of the right product in our purchasing goal relate to quality and quantity. If an insufficient amount of product is purchased, stock-outs are likely to happen; guests will be disappointed if their favorite item is not available, and operations may not be disrupted if substitute items must be produced. By contrast, if an excessive quantity of product is purchased, excess funds are tied up in inventory, there is an increased chance of spoilage, pilferage may occur, and there may be insufficient storage space. Restaurant managers in most areas have alternative sources of supply for most products. More than a product is purchased when a purchase agreement is made. Information and service are also very important, and some suppliers do a better job of providing this assistance than do others. A supplier offering a â€Å"good† price but does not deliver a product on time is not providing an advantage to the restaurant. Restaurant managers must implement systems to determine what to purchase, how much to purchase and when to purchase. Still according to Ninemeier and Hayes (2006), after products are purchased, they must be received. It is ironic that some restaurants implement many of the purchasing tactics but then fail to follow through when products are received. Purchasers are likely to pay for the quality of products which they ordered and are delivered. In spite of this, however, receiving procedures are lax in some properties and may involve little more than counting incoming packages and comparing that number to the quantity listed on the delivery invoice before it is signed. How much will the supplier charge the restaurant for its products? The answer is determined at time of receiving. Unless there is a credit memo, the restaurant will be charged for the quantity of products noted on the delivery invoice. Also, unless an error is noted on the invoice, the unit cost will be that noted on the voice. Effective restaurant managers, therefore, assure that proper receiving practices are consistently used. In the receiving process, first, delivery invoice from the supplier should be compared to the restaurant’s copy of the purchase order. This will assure that the quantity and price of products agreed upon at time of purchasing were, in fact, incorporated into the delivery invoice. The second step in the receiving process involves confirming that the product quality is in concert with that required by the purchase specification.According to Feinstein (2005), the basic goal of storage management is to prevent loss of merchandise due to: (1) theft, (2) pilferage, and (3) spoilage. Theft is premeditated burglary. It occurs when someone drives a truck up to the back door of an operation and steals all of the expensive foods, beverages, and equipment. Generally, storage facilities are not designed to prevent this. Management would need a citadel to eliminate theft by keeping honest employees honest. In some parts of the United States, and the rest of the world, theft is common. Thus, hospitality operators must see to it that storage facilities are designed so as to make theft more difficult, generally by some combination of clear visibility of general access storage located elsewhere. Locking storage areas when not in use and minimizing the number of persons who have access to the keys appear to be good practices. Pilferage is a serious problem in the hospitality industry and centers on the employee who sneaks off with a bottle of mustard or a couple of ashtrays. Eating on the job is another form of pilferage, unless the owner-manager allows it. Shoplifting also falls in this category. Pilferage is sometimes referred to as â€Å"inventory shrinkage† or â€Å"skimming†. The estimated dollar losses resulting from pilferage vary considerably, but industry experts feel that approximately two to four percent of every sales dollar is lost to employee and customer dishonesty. Several potential ways to control pilferage exist, some of which we discuss. Unfortunately, in some cases, the cure may be more expensive than the disease. Spoilage can be controlled a little more easily than neither theft nor pilferage. Generally, spoilage can be minimized by adhering to rigid sanitation practices, rotating the stocks so that old items are used first, and providing the proper environmental conditions for each time in storage. Rigid sanitation is, in fact, a must in all storage facilities. This involves two quite different kinds of steps. First, products that might induce spoilage in others through migration of odors or chemicals must be separated properly. For example, fresh fish is not stored with butter and cleaning agents are segregated from food products. A second and more obvious sanitation activity involves keeping the storage facility clean, for instance, by mopping it daily. The proper environmental conditions for storage seem easy enough to achieve. But the expense of providing for all the various temperature and humidity requirements for an entire spectrum of food products can be burdensome for small restaurants. Nonfood storage is a not so large problem, but a good deal of value space may be required. Freezers; separate produce, dairy, and meat refrigerator; and separate dry storage areas for groceries, beverages, and cleaning supplies can all add up to a large investment. This can be so large, in fact, that small operations often try make do with outdated facilities, which can get them into trouble with the local health department. The benefits of proper environmental conditions are definite but sometimes not readily apparent. The prevention of food-borne illness does not carry a price tag. Moreover, improper storage can cause a significant loss of nutritional value and taste. The value here is difficult to quantify. Lost nutrition does not necessarily concern restaurant customers, but school food service operations might consider this loss unacceptable. Fortunately, even though a hospitality operation msy maintain an old, erratic refrigerator, proper stock rotation and a reasonably quick stock turnover can minimize quality loss. On Issuing, according to Mill (2007), for control purposes, it is advisable that as few people as possible have access to signing as someone in authority, and such signature is needed before food and beverage items can be released from storage. A system of inventory management helps ensure cost control. Such forms aid in inventory control and analyzing menu costs. The objective is to ensure that only authorized personnel are allowed to requisition food and beverage items. Based on the study of Hayes (2006) there is a relationship between the quantity of food and beverage products produced and sold by the restaurant and the quantity of products removed from its storage areas. Some restaurants use an: open door approach to issuing: whenever someone needs something, they simply retrieve it. With this tactic, every employee is in charge of issuing. According to Dittmer (1999) anyone who has patronized restaurants and other foodservice operations can recognize that a number of different types of service are available. Some aid of very high quality, some much less so. Fast food restaurants and cafeterias tend to provide comparatively little service beyond the basic fine restaurants offer extraordinary levels of service, with some appearing to have more staff than customers. In establishments offering extensive service, it is sometimes of very high quality- swift, unobtrusive, and approximating an art form. More than commonly, however, the service is likely to be different-slow, disorganized, intrusive- with the servers obviously untrained. Each individual diner has a personal view, consciously or unconsciously, of the standards of service that he considers appropriate for any given occasion when a meal is consumed outside the home. Whenever possible, the customer will tend to select a restaurant offering a type and level of service that he finds appropriate to the occasion. If the individual’s time is strictly limited, he is likely to select a restaurant with limited service- one that allows a customer to eat within a limited time available. On the other hand, there are customers for whom time is of no concern. Sometimes they are celebrating some special occasion. Managers who seek to optimize restaurant sales should be aware of the extent and quality of service that their customers want. With that in mind, they may find it comparatively easy to adjust some aspects of service in ways that will increase customer satisfaction. According to Kurtus (2008), Restaurants are in the business of serving food to their customers. In other words, they are providing a product (food) and a service (waiting on the customer). The quality of the food and service is defined as meeting or exceeding the expectations of the customer as if promised by the restaurant. The food should be properly prepared and the service should be prompt and courteous. The benefit of quality food and service is that customers will come back and will recommend the restaurant to friends (http://www.school-for-champions.com/tqm/restaurantquality.htm). According to Khan (2006), â€Å"the primary function of any type of foodservice operation is to convert raw food into cooked products†. Profits come from converting and serving the food as efficiently as possible. High quality dishes come from high quality ingredients. The objective is â€Å"to obtain the right quality and quantity at the right and price and from the right source†. Food quality is more than just taste; it includes attributes such as texture, consistency, hold times, shelf life, and visual appeal. Restaurants need to guarantee food quality in every aspect of food preparation, from the moment the food is produce and delivered to the time it is stored, cooked and served(http://www.bukisa.com/articles/4355869how-important-is-restaurant-food-quality). According to Dittmer (1999), quality is a term that conveys different meanings to different people. Those with particular refined tastes-people sometimes referred to as gourmets- are more likely to seek perfection in food and may be inclined to accept nothing less. For them, this may mean that the quality of restaurant food must meet long list criteria: all ingredients must be fresh rather than canned or frozen, soups must be prepared from freshly made stocks, vegetables must be cooked only just tender, and so on. Unless the food products offered in a particular restaurant meet their exacting quality standards, they will not patronize it. There are some who appear to be completely different to all the quality standards for foodservice products that the majority insists on. For them, food is food- a necessity similar to fuel for an engine. They seem perfectly prepared to accept foodservice products of very low levels of quality – for patronizing restaurants do not appear to be related to product quality defined terms that the majority accepts. In any given population, various segments demand food products of various levels of quality such that they will appeal to large enough segment of the market to ensure the level of sales volume required for profitability. According to Stefanelli (2005), maintaining quality is not quite the same as establishing the firm’s desired level of quality. Some buyers have comparatively little to say about the quality of products they must purchase. They do, however, have a major responsibility to make sure that, once set, the quality standards vary only within acceptable limits. For some products, such as liquor and soap, brand names assure uniform quality. Unfortunately, the quality of fresh foods can change drastically from day to day and from one supplier to the next. This situation can make it particularly difficult to maintain quality standards. In addition, occasional overbuying or a sudden breakdown in storage facilities, such as refrigeration facilities, can wreaker or bring havoc on quality standards. Regardless of the associated difficulties, however, operators insist that their buyers maintain quality control. Food quality in restaurants seems to be accepted as a fundamental component to satisfy restaurant customers; however, it has been often overlooked in restaurant service quality and satisfaction studies. Upon starting a restaurant business, one could have attended a seminar that discusses the importance of food quality in restaurants. Most fast-food and restaurants claim to maintain a high degree of supervision in their food preparation process. Restaurants owners spend a lot of money to train their staff; they even have an excellent infrastructure that facilitates maintenance of cleanliness and hygiene. But despite all the rules and assurances, the complete safety of food bought from a restaurant is questionable. With a structural equation modeling technique, overall food quality significantly affects customer satisfaction and behavioral intentions and also revealed that the relationship between food quality and customer behavioral intentions is mediated by satisfaction. Subsequent regression analyses demonstrated that taste and presentation were the two greatest contributors to customer satisfaction and behavioral intentions. Thus, managers should pay attention to the key food quality attributes that elicit customer satisfaction enhance return visits in the restaurant business. Customers want to have exactly what they ordered, so food consistency is crucial to one’s business. Cooks should be able to cook the same dish and the same blend over and over. Otherwise, inconsistency of food will remove the customers’ interest from buying the best sellers over and over. It is a good move to conduct a training regarding ingredient proportions and standard preparation procedures. When a customer says that he or she has a food allergy, servers must pay close attention. Also, knowledge on the food quality standards is important. As a restaurant owner, one should carefully monitor how food is being consumed in the restaurant and how they are being prepared. Otherwise, the food quality will diminish overtime, and it would definitely differ and taste and would involve sanitary and health issues(http://www.bukisa.com/articles/435869how-important-is-restaurant-food-quality. Based on Mill’s study (2007), management is responsible for serving food that is nutritious, appeals to the senses, and is safe to eat. Sanitation refers to the hygienic measure for ensuring food safety and control of environmental factors that could arm human development, health or survival. According to the National Assessment Institute, a restaurant manager is responsible for identifying health hazards in the daily operation of the restaurant, develop and implement policies, procedures, and standards to prevent food borne illnesses, coordinate training, supervision, and direction of food handling and preparation while taking corrective action as required to protect the health of customers and employees and inspect the operation periodically to ensure that policies and procedures are being followed correctly. Any sanitation slip up not only hastens spoilage but also increases the risk of customer or employee sickness. Some states and local municipalities have legislation that requires hospitality management personnel to successfully pass some sort of a sanitation course. There is also discussion suggesting that eventually all of the hospitality employees will have to pass some type of sanitation certification exam. At fast food restaurants, kitchen workers are assigned a specific task which they have to perform throughout the day, because fast foods cater to hundreds of customers each hour the work volume is very high and workers get little or no time to clean their work area. Under a tremendous work load, workers usually do not find the time to implement their food safety training. So it may be concluded that despite all the quality assurances that the fast foods and other forms of food establishments offer eating out is not a safe thing to do. Perishable items should be carefully maintained. Each product has a shelf life, and a good idea is always to cook first those that are longer in the fridge. It follows the queuing concept of what comes in first must first go out since food that are longer in the fridge might likely spoil and could affect every single ingredient that is inside your chiller(http://www.bukisa.com/articles/436859how-important-is-restaurant-food-quality#ixzz1Vo7zZHq00). According to Stefanelli (2005), limiting prices a supervisor may suggest some flexible price limits for certain products, especially those products that represent the bulk of the purchasing dollar. And, for instance, if an item’s price rises above that limit, it may be time to reevaluate the item’s place in the operation. It is no secret that good pricing practices are good for business. They increase customer satisfaction, increase profits and go a long way toward assuring compliance with the law. While satisfied customers generally mean repeat business, price errors that stem from haphazard or inefficient pricing practices can cost store’s money. For one thing, the dollar amount of undercharges often exceeds the dollar amount of the overcharges. For another, it is against the law to charge more than the advertised shelf price. Stores that do may be subject to civil and criminal fines (http://business.ftc.gov/documents/bus11-good-pricing-practices-scan-do). According to Griffin (1999), restaurants normally have standard sales prices for the menu items they offer. The sales prices for menu items are usually established by restaurant owners or managers and are communicated to customers via printed menus or conspicuously posted signs. Because the sum of the prices paid by all customers for their menu selections is the total food revenue for a restaurant, it should be evident that these sales prices are critically important in determining the degree of profitability for any restaurant.

Rural Community Health Service Provisions Health And Social Care Essay

Chronic diseases can be a fatal, yet, returns on gradual procedures toward morbidity and mortality that include cardiovascular diseases, both types of diabetic conditions, and hapless respiratory position. These conditions are mostly related to the life style that persons lead, with their consumptive wonts of dietetic nutrients, baccy and intoxicant ingestion, as accompanied by physical activity modus operandis ( Halpin, Varela & A ; Martin-Moreno, n.d. ) . In a survey on the incidence of cardiovascular conditions in some developed states of North America and Europe, it had revealed that hypertensive episodes in older age groups had been more controlled in the former bunch, with Canada included, compared to the higher survey results in the latter, 8 % and 23 % severally ( Wolf-Maiser, et al. , 2003 ) . The better direction strategy in the North American opposite numbers could hold demonstrated better wellness attention systems, yet, reverse could still be observed in such locations. At this point, the chronicity of diseased instances prevalent in older age groups seemed to further expose them to vulnerable state of affairss, topped with the devolving physiological maps associated with progressing phase of chronological adulthood. As such, higher incidence of cardiovascular diseases with older age brackets appeared to present a serious community issue that requires close examination and inclusion of wellness reforms to holistically back up their present position. In peculiar, the distribution of wellness attention services in Canada ‘s rural communities had been identified as one of the important countries that seemed to be neglected in the bureaucratic procedure in wellness reforms. Unlike any definition on rural construction, Slack, Bourne & A ; Gertler ( 2003 ) admitted that the state do non hold clear differentiation of what rural community is, depicting non-urban zones as rural in construction. Compared to the wellness services provided in the urban countries of Canada, the farness of several of its rural units had been fraught with several defects in wellness services, with inclusions in primary wellness unavailability, lower wellness forces figures, and hapless attention installations, as geographic distance and lifestyle position are said to be deteriorating in these countries ( Ryan-Nicholls, 2003 ) . As such, the job of cardiovascular diseases with older age groups had been compounded with the want of quality wellness services that should hold been more both timely and well-supported by involved wellness sectors As portion of the job associated with wellness attention in rural communities, wellness forces and societal public assistance officers have the primary duty to look at the general and wellness public assistance of the citizens in the community, particularly the defenseless groups of both immature and old age bunchs, yet treatments above revealed the lower keeping rates of wellness staff in rural units. The job with this is non the low work force in wellness workers, but instead, there appeared to be an unequal distribution of labour force between rural and urban locations ( Ryan-Nicholls, 2003 ) . Acknowledging the root of wellness attention forces deficits, such reverse seemed to add to the lifting job of ageing population in Canadian communities. At big, Arah, Klazinga, Delnoij, Asbroek, and Custers ( 2003, p. 384 ) emphasized that despite the wellness attention duties centered on wellness forces, reform in primary attention will still come from parts in other related sectors, such as the networking commissions in â€Å" national, regional and local degrees. † With the prevailing tendency of wellness publicity in Canada ‘s wellness system, the function of the bureaucratic authorities in support service plans for the ageing population had been established ; yet, subsequent studies demonstrated oversights in following through the undertaking plans towards the execution and existent direction stage. Hence, such projected wellness publicity efforts appeared fall more in ineffectual efforts-federal engagement had been well limited in local community enterprises ( Boyce, 2002 ) . The wellness attention issue in rural communities, affecting ageing populations with cardiovascular conditions, so, would necessitate the conjunct attempts of the local wellness forces, every bit good as the national wellness commissions responsible for resource support and allotment of just and quality services to remote rural countries in Canada.Literature ReviewCanada is a state with well-managed resources, and as its population grows, so will the demands of the people become higher. As emphasized by Clark and Leipert ( 2007 ) , the incidence of widening figures in the older age groups, runing from 65 old ages old above, had caused ruffling effects in its aftermath. On one manus, their worsening wellness that had been combined with cardiovascular conditions indicates that they need more clinical aid more. On the other, their age prevents them from happening employment as their physiological and mental wellness are said to by and large worsen with the rise of figures in their age. Such observations had been relevantly reflected in several surveies conducted in European states. Peoples nearing center to old age exhibited higher medical outgos compared to those in really old age ( 85 old ages old and above ) ( Rechel, Doyle, Grundy and Mckee, 2009 ) . At which point, ingestion of medical intervention may accountably lift when old persons believe that the y have better opportunity of widening their lives beyond 65 old ages old, bring forthing more government-assisted wellness services in the long tally. Their medical attention non merely consists of availing the services of clinical installations and wellness suppliers, but besides the medicine supplies and place attention care particular in their status, like in persons with cardiovascular conditions. More common than non, there is hapless attachment to order medicines as the costs can non afforded by persons with lower income ( Mojtabai & A ; Olfson, 2003 ) . In the instance of old population who are retired, there is no generated income at all, merely the retirement pensions for some. There are personal jobs that these groups had to face, and these are reflected on the quality of wellness they sustain. Historically, rural communities had long since experienced the job of reverses associated with delayed wellness commissariats from the cardinal authorities well funding the national wellness plans. In every bit early as the twelvemonth 1969, those in political power have already recognized the deficiency of wellness attention staff willing plenty to shack in distant countries, for the interest of executing their pledged undertaking, to function the people in equal chances. Yet, it seemed that by the passing of the decennaries, such job had non lessened with clip, this, alternatively, became a grim instance of reduced attention practicians in such locations, where at that place used to be a solo wellness supplier in every communities, now, they have become more scarce in several 1s ( Pong & A ; Russell, 2003 ) . In line with this, the laterality in big medical establishments had shifted towards community wellness Centres and smaller attention clinics in the late sixties ( Groene & A ; Garcia-Barbero, 2001 ) . At this point, it must be recognized that no affair how updated the installations are and how willing the community citizens undertaking in collaborating for better wellness allowances, they all will be in vain when there are no wellness attention staff to ease such resources in the field. In such scenario, it appeared that oversights in support from higher authorities sectors had led to decomposition of wellness attention structures in the said countries. In the traditional design followed by Canada ‘s wellness sector section during the late fifties, no specific policies had been constructed in every bit administering wellness forces on the different countries in the state. Such deficiency of systematic attack had been dramatically revised in 1966, where practising medical forces have more autonomy in puting private pattern for definite fees, restricting wellness services that are low-cost in the state. Acknowledging a figure of disagreements with su ch clinical freedom, federal authorities placed more stiff parametric quantities to protect consumer rights, punctually supplying for services that are out of privately-insured medical strategies, such as â€Å" place attention, nursing places, outpatient pharmaceuticals † ( Tuohy, 2002 ) . As observed in such authorities reforms in wellness, precedences had been more on administering more wellness services to more people, ignoring the equal chances for communities to obtain wellness forces to help in their wellness issues. Aid in rural locations, particularly the fiscal 1s, is transferred from the Provincial divisions through established transportation undertakings. The ideal system postulate that the divider of authorities ‘s countries of duties into sub-divisions denote faster distribution and use of much demand commissariats and services, as the local scenes are given adequate entree to resources to ordain on issues that needs prompt actions ( Slack, Bourne & A ; Gertler, 2003 ) . However, such scheme had presented several oversights, as it had non been plenty in turn toing the cut downing figure of wellness forces in rural communities, certifying that fiscal resources are non the lone country that require examination in turn toing wellness unfairness of old population-federal committedness for effectual primary attention reform should be strengthened. As authorities support is mostly required to advance communities that are well-sustained in back uping the demands of its local citizens, their function in the procedure of accomplishing such nonsubjective is critical. Retrospective surveies revealed the deficiency of consolidation between the divisions, federal and provincial systems, in authorities opinion and duties, as struggle on sum of financess transferred from federal to provincial offices had non been settle in the past decennaries. Revisions in the support transportation had taken topographic point during the 1995 budgetary cuts, allowing out several protests at the lower degree of the authorities offices in provincial subdivisions. Where some countries had still remained the precedence, such as wellness publicity schemes, and wellness installations, wellness policies back uping community wellness development through better supply of wellness attention staff remained written in commission studies, but ne'er to the full realized ( Tuohy, 2002 ) . With such complecting constructs on ageing population, cardiovascular conditions, and attendant habitation in distant rural countries, the class of progressing developmental age is more at hazard than any other age groups in the same state of affairs. The capacity of the topics in the survey to flexibly get by seemed to travel reciprocally with age. As such, this reappraisal of valid surveies had shown that small attending had been given to strip older persons. Relative with this, spreads on how to turn to the wellness conditions normally bing in persons, every bit good as reconstituting the primary attention construction, must be analyzed and given prompt and efficient attending, as their go oning tendencies may take to more unfairness that takes advantage of the clustered exposure of seniors shacking in distant rural communities.DiscussionThe primary issue of the paper centres on the combination of old age with chronic cardiovascular status and the deficiency of system support in r ural communities, which increases the hazard for lower wellness attention commissariats and services. Noting such incidents, a figure of priority solutions can be recommended to ease the wellness unfairness imparted to this group. The events taking to this may be summarily explained through the sensed barriers to hapless primary wellness attention bringing: ( 1 ) work force scarceness, ( 2 ) sustainable Economic barriers, ( 3 ) geographical unavailability, ( 4 ) cognition shortages ( Hutchinson, Hawes & A ; Williams, 2010 ) . As such, these may necessitate a comprehensive model of schemes which jointly reconcile each issue towards more effectual wellness attention construction. The efficient attacks in guaranting that older population have the critical wellness plans they need are to prosecute in the run towards â€Å" wellness publicity and disease bar † ( Burns, 2006 ) . The precedences of such constructs had been clearly delineated in the Ottawa Charter, particularly in the former context. This international end chiefly calls for the shared committedness of meeting stakeholders and involved parties in guaranting an efficient model that pursues wellness, above all. Particularly, the said committee had listed the entities involved in such an embracing wellness committedness, including â€Å" persons, community groups, wellness professionalsaˆÂ ¦institutions and authorities, † appealing that they abide with each of their duties in prolonging excellent for all, particularly the vulnerable ripening groups ( Lopez-Acuna, Pittman, Gomez, de Souza, & A ; Fernandez, 2000 ) . Medical schemes are non the primary focal point of the said end ; alte rnatively, it goes manner beyond the healing side to advance a wellness organisation that holistically meets the demands of possible clients in communities-physically, cognitively, psychologically, and spiritually. With the changing demands of ageing population with chronic conditions, a multi-dimensional declaration of perceived jobs may be required in this scenario. In a conceptual model observed in Figure 1 ( delight see Appendix A ) , it well review the general barriers to wellness development of rural community as a whole and ageing populations with chronic disease in peculiar. Schemes to hapless wellness conditions of ageing population in rural communities must non merely turn to their individualised conditions, as considerations on other societal and environmental factors environing these groups must besides be given sufficient attending. More significantly, the roots of the job must be addressed judiciously in order to continue in executing efficient wellness attention publicity and disease intercessions for the targeted group, the aged citizens. As identified earlier, there are five extenuating barriers to the hapless conditions of rural wellness units, and the people shacking in such countries. Earlier subdivisions in the paper had comprehensively reviewed the struggles between two divided subdivisions of the authorities, the federal and provincial authorities offices. As such, their budgetary differences seemed to halter the flow of resource support towards relevant wellness plans, likely decelerating the operations of receiver sectors that require attending, such as wellness attention constructions and issues. Through amalgamate and collaborative attempts by both authorities divisions, the flow of resources that will fund executable plans can be initiated and procedurally executed. In Action Plan instigated by the Canadian authorities in 1998, wellness promoting attacks, wellness communicating links, installations and wellness constructions had been given adequate precedence, while wellness work force and pharmacological supports had been left behind ( Tuohy, 2002 ) . In the proposed plan, all subdivisions needed in communities, particularly the rural countries, will be decently meted. . Workforce scarceness. Nursing forces deficits, particularly physicians and nurses, seemed to prefer big infirmary establishments in urban countries, instead than remain and function in tranquil and friendly vicinities in rural communities. As such, a figure of attacks can be recommended in pulling the involvement of wellness forces into rural locations. For one, the influence of pecuniary compensations can be one country to fulfill in professional workers. For another, satisfaction besides comes with the efficaciousness of wellness forces in their work environments. With updated and well-supplied wellness equipments and supplies, wellness professional can carry through their pledged responsibilities without negative feelings as they can execute significant undertakings for the community and its citizens, while maintaining their households near in supportive plans that finance several constituents of wellness staffs ‘ household members with them ( Pong & A ; Russel, 2003 ) . Wit h more wellness forces flocking rural communities, better wellness attention proviso can be rendered, and wellness instruction can be offered to seniors enduring from chronic conditions. Sustainable economic barriers. Government funding can non last in prolonging community development and its growing. At the initial stage, provincial sector of the authorities can supply for resources in get downing up community undertakings that may heighten the flow of economic gross towards rural communities. The chief economic issue in rural communities is that these units offer businesss that are non diversified in character, where professionals tend to look for occupations elsewhere as they lack the necessary comfortss to hike micro-business that could hold provided occupations for more local people. With this being the instance, authorising the citizens to move can be disputing. Like most enterprises, injection of fiscal capital for purchase of necessary resources is required to incite plans that address the economic demands of communities. For case, â€Å" Ontario Small Town and Rural Development Initiative ( OSTAR ) † had been established to assist the indicated sector in stabilising local economic systems and substructures ( Enid, Bourne & A ; Gertler, 2003 ) . Local organisers have the duty to take the remainder of the citizens towards preparation activities and concern ventures that may likely pull in occupations from suburban countries, and can even undertakings a sustainable position that depends less on provincial authorities in shouldering community betterments, such as local building costs and other plans related to better selling and consumer engagement in sceptered communities. Geographic unavailability. As Canada is non far behind its neighbouring world power states in economic advancement and enlargement, the issue of geographic distance could hold been easy resolved through modern agencies of communicating. The debut of medical specialty in the context of computerized engineerings had been introduced a few old ages back. Through the external supports attached with such technological inventions, picture cyclosis and Internet-based synergistic conversations can be possible. Termed as telemedicine, such scheme covers the distance between wellness suppliers and receivers during the proviso of attention and services ( Hutchinson, Hawes & A ; Williams, 2010 ) . Alternatively of aged patients with chronic conditions going far merely to run into their physicians for scheduled check-ups, this population can use their computing machine units in making so, without the excess disbursal and attempts. Health forces at certain distances can be accessed through practica l medium, from their ain places. Knowledge Deficits. With such reverse in several rural communities, aged people can non be updated with the true nature of their conditions. The deficiency of cognition on how to continue with ageing position can be compounded with low resources and uncoordinated webs in local rural zones to advance wellness consciousness. Through wellness publicity attacks, factual information can be distributed in timely and effectual ways. There are a assortment of ways in executing such ends, such as community consciousness, information thrusts, persuasion in societal policy alteration, go oning preparation and instruction, and active runs which demonstrate better wellness position ( Laverack & A ; Labonte, 2000 ) . Performing most of them, it is rather safe to state that lifestyle alteration, avoiding destructive baccy and intoxicant wonts while keeping better diet and exercising degrees, particularly in cardiovascular diseases in aged can be controlled. Furthermore, medicine regimen can be bett er complied, as this plays a portion in commanding several sorts of bosom diseases, such as high blood pressure ( Halpin, Varela & A ; Martin-Moreno, n.d. ) . These schemes must be systematically drilled in community scenes, concentrating on aged groups who are more vulnerable than the remainder. When there is betterment in wellness behaviours and informational follow-through in ageing population, they have better opportunity at forestalling farther patterned advance of acquired wellness conditions ; merely so can the enforced plans on wellness publicity and disease bar be viewed as partly successful in accomplishing community ends of better wellness through the coaction of different sectors in such schemes.DecisionAll in all, the job in older populations had converged, with inclusions of high prevalence of developing chronic cardiovascular conditions, and societal unfairnesss brought approximately by shacking in rural countries. Sing their distance from big infirmary establishments , this group is at higher hazard of developing shortages in cognition sing their current wellness position, as rural communities seemed to be prone to work force deficits, but in wellness and economic sectors. Furthermore, it seemed that the great distance projected by rural communities seemed to drive big concern ventures, worsening jobs of community sustainability of its citizens. Sing the drawn-out differences between the federal and provincial authorities sing budgetary affairs, jobs in community subdivisions remained dead and unattended for most of the clip. As proposed in the paper, the authorities in Canada plays a critical function, particularly in its capacity to supply resources and sufficient support, in developing the hapless wellness and communal conditions of several rural units. As such, fiscal and political support served stable anchors to induction of plans, from socioeconomic sustainability, set uping telemedicine connexions, and building effectual attacks in welln ess publicity ; all these contribute in their alone facets in hiking the overall position of rural communities. For the ageing population, support in wellness and day-to-day life seemed hearty plenty for some, while others continue to be involved in community engagement, as several seek authorization and independency, peculiarly on pull offing wellness more quickly and efficaciously.

Free Essays on Psychology Of Embarassment

Initially, the trouble with my body being the wrong sex was just...troubling. My mother told me stories, before she died, of the difficulties toilet training me, of getting me to deal with plumbing I felt unhappy with. I remember how kindergarten gave me my first taste of the shame I would be indoctrinated with over my life, of ridicule by adults and my peers. Back then, in early childhood, I knew something was wrong, it caused me embarrassment and a little shame, but I always felt that it would work out, if I just hoped and prayed hard enough. From the earliest I felt different, because I was not like those I was supposed to be kin to, boys. I was quiet and gentle and they were rough and loud. I liked to draw and read, to paint and play with stuffed animals making little homes for them and myself, I did not fit in with my supposed peers. I felt outcast even in kindergarten, and I had a difficult time understanding fully just why. Girls would often not include me, which I also did not understand, so the best definition of what it felt like for me to be a transsexual child would be Outcast and Confused. As I approached puberty, the exclusion from both boys and girls increased, as each had reasons for avoiding the shy strange child I was. To boys I was weird because I liked girlish things, and to girls I was icky because I was supposed to be a boy. When they did include me, they wanted me to play the role of 'daddy' or 'boyfriend' or other such role, and I would only be willing to play 'mommy' or my usual, the 'baby' in games of playing house. In every activity my gender dilemma affected me. If I wanted to twirl on the monkey bars I was ridiculed because only girls did that, and my stuffed animals were taken away by my vile father, fearful of my love for them. Eventually, I had to find a way to avoid persecution, for my difference increasingly resulted in physical abuse from the boys. I was threatened and beaten, called a fag... Free Essays on Psychology Of Embarassment Free Essays on Psychology Of Embarassment Initially, the trouble with my body being the wrong sex was just...troubling. My mother told me stories, before she died, of the difficulties toilet training me, of getting me to deal with plumbing I felt unhappy with. I remember how kindergarten gave me my first taste of the shame I would be indoctrinated with over my life, of ridicule by adults and my peers. Back then, in early childhood, I knew something was wrong, it caused me embarrassment and a little shame, but I always felt that it would work out, if I just hoped and prayed hard enough. From the earliest I felt different, because I was not like those I was supposed to be kin to, boys. I was quiet and gentle and they were rough and loud. I liked to draw and read, to paint and play with stuffed animals making little homes for them and myself, I did not fit in with my supposed peers. I felt outcast even in kindergarten, and I had a difficult time understanding fully just why. Girls would often not include me, which I also did not understand, so the best definition of what it felt like for me to be a transsexual child would be Outcast and Confused. As I approached puberty, the exclusion from both boys and girls increased, as each had reasons for avoiding the shy strange child I was. To boys I was weird because I liked girlish things, and to girls I was icky because I was supposed to be a boy. When they did include me, they wanted me to play the role of 'daddy' or 'boyfriend' or other such role, and I would only be willing to play 'mommy' or my usual, the 'baby' in games of playing house. In every activity my gender dilemma affected me. If I wanted to twirl on the monkey bars I was ridiculed because only girls did that, and my stuffed animals were taken away by my vile father, fearful of my love for them. Eventually, I had to find a way to avoid persecution, for my difference increasingly resulted in physical abuse from the boys. I was threatened and beaten, called a fag...

Analysis of Seventh-day Adventists Website Assignment - 1

Analysis of Seventh-day Adventists Website - Assignment Example In addition, both websites offer information on the types of assistance that are offered, such as health care and provide publications. I learned that Seventh-day Adventists has global influences with churches, educational programs, health ministries and publications all over the world. The Seventh-day Adventists is a renowned organization, which has set up Bible study groups all over the world known as Sabbath School. It also develops its own materials for use. It has several departments to provide support to the organization, including auditing that ensures financial statements are true and fair and policies compliance are met. As for Jehovahs Witnesses, it also has similar global influences with its members increasing tremendously over the years as more people convert to the religion and become baptized. Even the website is available in hundreds of different languages to cater for different nationalities that share the same belief. Its Bible study can be arranged and conducted at the convenience of your own home. It has branches in several countries that manage resources, memorials, baptism, and congregations. I a lso learned that the topics provided allows one to relate the day-to-day affairs to the teachings of the Bible and by doing so, one can have more spiritual growth. This is especially so for those that are particularly at the lowest points in their lives, in times of crisis, when death occurs to someone dear to them, and even the approach of our own death. As Seventh-day Adventists operates educational facilities in many countries, they believe that church-run schools are equally capable of providing the necessary curriculum. It is said that many parents see a favorable change in their children upon joining such institutions and the group hopes to create more impact on society. On a separate note, Jehovahs Witnesses believe that current events; for instance, the worsening crimes and even global warming that instil fear in many about safety and  the future, are caused by the imperfections of human beings and how governments, by implementing legislation, believe they can address these imperfections and thus, make the world a better place to live in.  

Trends in obesity over the last 20 years and implications for the Coursework

Trends in obesity over the last 20 years and implications for the future - Coursework Example This essay "Trends in obesity over the last 20 years and implications for the future" outlines an increasing trend in the obesity of the USA in the last twenty years and if the effects of the policy implemented are ineffective in the USA. The body mass index (BMI) includes a significant importance. It is a measurement of the weight defined as kg per square meter. In a conventional manner when the range of BMI is between 25 and 30, then the person is said to be overweight and the person is said to be obese when the value is greater than 30 (Akil & Ahmad, 2011, p. 58). This obesity problem is a common trouble in almost every country in the world especially in the Western countries. Statistical analyses is an important tool which will be directed towards analyzing the trends of obesity in different countries and can give us a clear idea about the historical pattern and suggest important policies for the future. Obesity is very crucial problem in every society and it is indeed an importa nt problem in the developed nation like United States of America (USA). There has been a growing awareness of the health problems attached with weight as well as availability of light or no fat foods. But despite that there had been a significant incidence of obesity problem in the United States of America. There has been documentation initiating from period as early as 1960s and there has been a consistent year to year rise in the percentage of adults who are suffering from overweight. This trend increases seem to have accelerated. Data collected from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) indicates that within a period of 1985-1995 there has been an increase in the BMI from a level of 29.2 to 34.4 and there has been an increase in the percentage from a magnitude of 8.6 to 15.2. The correlation between overweight and many of the chronic diseases as well as various obnoxious health outcomes has made this a serious health concern. Obesity as a factor also gets associa ted with nation’s burgeoning health care bill. It is estimated that for the year 1990, the costs including direct and indirect costs of the excess weight in the USA were figured at the amount of $46 billion and $ 23 billion respectively (Binkley, Eales & Jekanowski, 2000). The propositions which will be examined in the paper are: 1. There has been an increasing trend in the obesity of USA in the last twenty years 2. Obesity is the highest for USA as compared to other countries 3. Race also plays an important part in USA with respect to obesity 4. The standard deviation of obesity of the data of USA is highly scattered 5. The effects of the policy implemented are ineffective in USA. 4. Analysis Before moving into analysis, the method of data collection is to be mentioned. For the purpose of data collection, we have relied on the government site of USA .The database for data collection which is used is the center for disease control and prevention (CDC) in USA. CDC helps in the creation of expertise, information as well as tools which the people as well as the communities requires for the purpose of protecting their health with the help of promotion, disease prevention, injury and disability as well as preparedness for the threats of new health problems. CDC directs towards accomplishing its mission through working with the partners all over the nation as well as in a global basis for the purpose of detecting as well as investigating the health problems, conducting research as